$C_2{H}_4$

$C_4{H}_6$

$C_4{H}_8$

$C_5{H}_{10}$

$1\rho +2\mathrm{\pi }$

$2\mathrm{\rho } + 2\mathrm{\pi }$

$3\mathrm{\rho }$

$3\mathrm{\pi }$

2-Methy1-4-n-propylhexane

2-n-propy1-4 methylhexane

4-Ethy-6methylheptane

2-Methy1-4ethylheptane

Propyl alcohol

Butyl alchhol

Isopropyl alcohol

AmylAmyl alcohol

$C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}OH$

$C{H}_{3}COOH$

$C{H}_{3}CHO$

$C{H}_3-O-C{H}_3$

$C_6{H}_6+C_6{H}_{5}COOH$

$C_6{H}_{5}ONa + C_6{H}_{5}COOH$

$C_6{H}_{5}OH + C_6{H}_{5}COONa$

${C}_6{H}_{5}ONa + C_6{H}_{5}COCl$

HCl

$CC{l}_4$

$H_{2}O$

CsF

Na, K

Co , Ni

Kr, Xe

O,S

$2 FeC{l}_3\left(aq\right) + SnC{l}_2\left(aq\right) \to SnC{l}_4\left(aq\right) + 2FeC{l}_2 \left(aq\right)$

$CuO \left(s\right) + H_2\left(g\right) \to Cu\left(s\right) + H_{2}O \left(g\right)$

$NaCl\left(aq\right) + AgN{O}_3\left(aq\right)\to NaN{O}_3\left(aq\right) + AgCl \left(s\right)$

${H}_{2}S\left(g\right) + C{l}_2\left(g\right)\to 2HCl \left(g\right) + S\left(s\right)$

an alkali metal

an s-block element

a transition element

an s-block element

$C{r}^{3+}$

$M{n}^{3+}$

$N{i}^{2+}$

$F{e}^{3+}$

$\left[Cu\right(H_{2}O{)}_4{]}^{2+}$

$\left[Cu\right(OH{)}_4{]}^{2+}$

$\left[Cu\right(N{H}_3{)}_4{]}^{2+}$

$\left[Cu\right(N{H}_3{)}_2{]}^2+$

$1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^3$

$1s^2 2s^{2}2p^4$

$1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^1$

$1s^2 2s^2 2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^1$

Al

C

Mg

Si

$S{O_3}^{2-}$

$S{O_4}^{2-}$

$S_4{O_6}^{2-}$

$S_2{O_8}^{-2}$

$C{O}_2$

$Si{O}_2$

$Sn{O}_2$

$CaO$

0.30

1.0

1.5

3.0

$4.0 \times {10}^{-5}$

$4.0 \times {10}^{-6}$

$1.6 \times {10}^{-10}$

$1.6 \times {10}^{-9}$

78720 L

39360 L

2050 L

39. 36 L

$H_2\left(g\right) + B{r}_2\left(g\right)\iff 2HBr\left(g\right)$

$C\left(s\right) + 2N_{2}O\left(g\right)\iff C{O}_2\left(g\right) + 2N_2\left(g\right)$

$N{H}_{4}Cl\left(s\right) \iff N{H}_3\left(g\right) +HCl\left(g\right)$

$CO\left(g\right) + 2H_2\left(g\right) \iff C{H}_{3}OH\left(g\right)$

[A] vst

$-\frac{d\left[A\right]}{dt} vst$

$\log \left[A\right] vst$

$-\frac{d\left[A\right]}{dt}vst \left[A\right]$

$Zn\left(s\right) \left|Z{n}^{2+}\right(aq) | | H^{+}(a=1) | H_2 (1 atm) | pt$

$H^{+}(a=1) | H_2 (1atm) | pt | | Zn\left(s\right) | Z{n}^{2+}(aq)$

$H^{+} (a=1) | H_2(1 atm) | pt | | Z{n}^{2+}\left(aq\right) | Zn(s)$

$Z{n}^{2+}\left(aq\right) | Zn(s) || H^{+}(aq) | H_2(1 atm) |pt$

360

3600

$36 \times {10}^6$

$36 \times {10}^6$

${10}^3$

${10}^2$

${10}^{-3}$

5

2 mL

5 mL

40 mL

20 mL

28 g $N_2$

$4 g{H}_2$

$17 g N{H}_3$

$4g He$

$C{H}_3-C{H}_2\_OH$

$C{H}_3{-}_{C_{|C{H}_3}-OH }^{C{H}_3}$

${}_{C{H}_{{|}_{C{H}_3}}-OH}^{C{H}_3}$

$H_{3}C-{|}_{C{H}_3}CH{|}_{C{H}_3}-CH-OH$

$C{H}_3-C{H}_2-OH$

$C{H}_{3}COC{H}_3$

$C{H}_{3}COCl$

$C{H}_{3}CON{H}_2$

$C{H}_{3}COOH$